Unitree

Since the encryption algorithm used to protect firmware updates is itself encrypted using key material available to an attacker (or anyone paying attention), the firmware updates may be altered by an unauthorized user, and then trusted by a Unitree product, such as the Unitree Go2 and other models. This issue appears to affect all of Unitree’s current offerings as of February 26, 2026, and so should be considered a vulnerability in both the firmware generation and extraction processes. At the time of this release, there is no publicly-documented mechanism to subvert the update process and insert poisoned firmware packages without the equipment owner’s knowledge.Show less

Unitree Go2 firmware versions 1.1.7 through 1.1.11, when used with the Unitree Go2 Android application (com.unitree.doggo2), are vulnerable to remote code execution due to missing integrity protection and validation of user-created programmes. The Android application stores programs in a local SQLite database (unitree_go2.db, table dog_programme) and transmits the programme_text content, including the pyCode field, to the robot. The robot's actuator_manager.py executes the supplied Python as root without integrity verification or content validation. An attacker with local access to the Android device can tamper with the stored programme record to inject arbitrary Python that executes when the user triggers the program via a controller keybinding, and the malicious binding persists across reboots. Additionally, a malicious program shared through the application's community marketplace can result in arbitrary code execution on any robot that imports and runs it.Show less

Unitree Go2 firmware versions V1.1.7 through V1.1.9, and V1.1.11 (EDU) do not implement DDS authentication or authorization for the Eclipse CycloneDDS topic rt/api/programming_actuator/request handled by actuator_manager.py. A network-adjacent, unauthenticated attacker can join DDS domain 0 and publish a crafted message (api_id=1002) containing arbitrary Python, which the robot writes to disk under /unitree/etc/programming/ and binds to a physical controller keybinding. When the keybinding is pressed, the code executes as root and the binding persists across reboots.Show less

Multiple robotic products by Unitree sharing a common firmware, including the Go2, G1, H1, and B2 devices, contain a command injection vulnerability. By setting a malicious string when configuring the on-board WiFi via a BLE module of an affected robot, then triggering a restart of the WiFi service, an attacker can ultimately trigger commands to be run as root via the wpa_supplicant_restart.sh shell script. All Unitree models use firmware derived from the same codebase (MIT Cheetah), and the two major forks are the G1 (humanoid) and Go2 (quadruped) branches.Show less

Unitree Go1 <= Go1_2022_05_11 is vulnerable to Insecure Permissions as the firmware update functionality (via Wi-Fi/Ethernet) implements an insecure verification mechanism that solely relies on MD5 checksums for firmware integrity validation.Show less

The Go1 also known as "The World's First Intelligence Bionic Quadruped Robot Companion of Consumer Level," contains an undocumented backdoor that can enable the manufacturer, and anyone in possession of the correct API key, complete remote control over the affected robotic device using the CloudSail remote access service.Show less

Authentication bypass vulnerability, the exploitation of which could allow a local attacker to perform a Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attack on the robot's camera video stream. In addition, if a MITM attack is carried out, it is possible to consume the robot's resources, which could lead to a denial-of-service (DOS) condition.Show less

Using off-the-shelf commodity hardware, the Unitree Go 1 robotics platform version H0.1.7 and H0.1.9 (using firmware version 0.1.35) can be powered down by an attacker within normal RF range without authentication. Other versions may be affected, such as the A1.Show less