Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

Dokploy is a free, self-hostable Platform as a Service (PaaS). Versions 0.26.6 and below have OS command injection through the appName parameter. 3 chained issues cause this problem: inadequate input sanitization, lack of schema validation and direct shell interpolation. User-controlled application names are passed through inadequate sanitization (cleanAppName function only replaces spaces and converts to lowercase) before being interpolated directly into shell commands executed via execAsync() and execAsyncRemote(). An authenticated attacker can inject shell metacharacters (e.g., ;, $(), backticks, |, &) in the appName field during application creation, which are then executed with server-level privileges when service operations (start, stop, remove, scale) are triggered. This issue has been resolved in version 0.26.7.Show less

WebdriverIO is a test automation framework for unit, e2e and component testing using WebDriver, WebDriver BiDi and Appium. Versions below 9.24.0 contain a command injection vulnerability leading to remote code execution (RCE) in test orchestration. Git permits branch names containing shell metacharacters, and getGitMetadataForAISelection() interpolates these names directly into execSync() calls without sanitization. An attacker can exploit this by supplying a malicious repository (via testOrchestrationOptions.runSmartSelection.source, or the current directory if unset) whose branch name carries a payload, causing the shell to execute arbitrary code. This enables remote code execution on CI/CD servers and developer machines, leading to credential and secret disclosure, source code and SSH key exfiltration, system compromise, and supply chain attacks via tampered build artifacts. The issue has been fixed in version 9.24.0.Show less

A vulnerability has been found in vercel ai up to 3.0.97. Impacted is the function run of the file .github/workflows/prettier-on-automerge.yml of the component PR Branch Name Interpolation. The manipulation leads to os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitability is considered difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.Show less

Tabby (formerly Terminus) is a highly configurable terminal emulator. Prior to 1.0.233, Tabby before 1.0.233 automatically confirms ZMODEM protocol detection on all terminal session output without user interaction, enabling shell command execution when a user displays attacker-controlled content. The ZModemMiddleware in tabby-terminal consumes all session output through a Zmodem.Sentry, and when a ZMODEM ZRQINIT header is detected, unconditionally calls detection.confirm() and writes a fixed ZRINIT response ( **\x18B0100000023be50\r\n\x11) back into the active PTY as input. When the process that triggered the detection (e.g., cat) exits, the injected bytes are consumed by the user's shell as a command line. Under fish (default configuration), the ** prefix triggers recursive glob expansion against the current directory, allowing an attacker-placed executable at a matching nested path (e.g., d/xB0100000023be50) to be executed by relative pathname without relying on PATH. Under bash and zsh, a secondary xterm.js terminal color-query feedback (OSC 10) can be combined in the same file to inject a slash-containing command word that similarly bypasses PATH resolution. An attacker can exploit this by providing a crafted file (e.g., in a cloned Git repository) that a user displays with cat, achieving code execution with no interaction beyond viewing the file. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.0.233.Show less

Tabby (formerly Terminus) is a highly configurable terminal emulator. Prior to 1.0.233, Tabby registers itself as the handler for the tabby:// URL scheme on all platforms. The URL scheme handler supports a run command that directly executes OS commands with no user confirmation, sanitization, or sandboxing. An attacker can craft a malicious link (tabby://run?command=...) and deliver it via a website, email, chat message, or any other medium. When a victim clicks the link, the OS launches Tabby which immediately spawns the specified command as a child process with the user's full privileges. This is a zero-click-after-link-visit RCE vulnerability. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.0.233.Show less

Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Prior to 9.2.0479, a command injection vulnerability exists in tar#Vimuntar() in runtime/autoload/tar.vim when decompressing .tgz archives on Unix-like systems. The function builds :!gunzip and :!gzip -d commands using shellescape(tartail) without the {special} flag, allowing a crafted archive filename to trigger Vim cmdline-special expansion and execute shell commands in the user's context. This vulnerability is fixed in 9.2.0479.Show less

PDF Export Module used in DHTMLX's products Gantt and Scheduler is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution due to lack of "data" parameter sanitization. An unauthenticated attacker can inject the malicious JavaScript code to the parameter whose value is processed by Node.js and subsequently executed. This can lead to server compromise. This issue was fixed in PDF Export Module version 0.7.6.Show less

python-utcp is the python implementation of UTCP. Prior to 1.1.3, the _substitute_utcp_args method in cli_communication_protocol.py inserts user-controlled tool_args values directly into shell command strings without any sanitization or escaping. These commands are then executed via /bin/bash -c (Unix) or powershell.exe -Command (Windows), allowing an attacker to inject arbitrary shell commands. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.1.3.Show less

HRConvert2 is a self-hosted, drag-and-drop & nosql file conversion server & share tool. Prior to 3.3.8, the sanitizeString() function in convertCore.php is missing backtick (`) and tab (\t) from its strip list. User input then reaches shell_exec(), where the shell interprets these characters and commands within filenames execute. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.3.8.Show less

Fleet is open source device management software. Prior to version 4.81.0, a vulnerability in Fleet's software installer pipeline could allow a crafted software package to execute arbitrary commands as root (macOS/Linux) or SYSTEM (Windows) on managed endpoints when an uninstall is triggered. When a software package (.pkg, .deb, .rpm, .exe, or .msi) is uploaded to Fleet, metadata is extracted from the package binary and used to generate uninstall scripts. In affected versions, this metadata is not properly sanitized before being included in the generated scripts. A specially crafted package containing malicious values in its metadata fields could result in unintended command execution when the uninstall script runs on managed endpoints. Version 4.81.0 contains a patch. If an immediate upgrade is not possible, administrators should avoid uploading software packages obtained from untrusted or unverified sources. Additionally, administrators can manually inspect and edit auto-generated uninstall scripts before deployment.Show less

mdserver-web is a simple Linux panel. From 0.18.0 to 0.18.4, mdserver-web has a front-end unauthorized remote command execution vulnerability. Due to the lack of authentication on the /modify_crond and /start_task interfaces, it is possible to modify the default built-in scheduled tasks and start them, achieving RCE.Show less

Gotenberg is a Docker-powered stateless API for PDF files. Prior to 8.31.0, Gotenberg's /forms/pdfengines/metadata/write HTTP endpoint accepts a JSON metadata object and passes its keys directly to ExifTool via the go-exiftool library. No validation is performed on key characters. A \n embedded in a JSON key splits the ExifTool stdin stream into a new argument line, allowing an attacker to inject arbitrary ExifTool flags — including -if, which evaluates Perl expressions. This achieves unauthenticated OS command execution in a single HTTP request. The response is HTTP 200 with a valid PDF, making the attack transparent to basic monitoring. This vulnerability is fixed in 8.31.0.Show less

Web::Passwd versions through 0.03 for Perl is vulnerable to RCE. Web::Passwd is a small CGI application for managing htpasswd files using the htpasswd command. The user parameter is not validated or escaped, and is used as the last argument on the command line, allowing for command injection.Show less

OPNsense is a FreeBSD based firewall and routing platform. Prior to 26.1.8, an authenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in the OPNsense core allows a user with user-management privileges to execute arbitrary system commands as root. An attacker can bypass input validation by formatting their malicious payload as a compliant email address, allowing shell commands to reach the underlying operating system. The flaw exists in the local user synchronization flow, within core/src/opnsense/scripts/auth/sync_user.php. This vulnerability is fixed in 26.1.8.Show less

Multiple command injection vulnerabilities in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS® software enable an authenticated administrator to bypass system restrictions and run arbitrary commands as a root user. To be able to exploit this issue, the user must have access to the PAN-OS CLI or Web UI. The security risk posed by this issue is significantly minimized when CLI access is restricted to a limited group of administrators and by restricting access to the management web interface to only trusted internal IP addresses according to our recommended best practice deployment guidelines https://live.paloaltonetworks.com/t5/community-blogs/tips-amp-tricks-how-to-secure-the-management-access-of-your-palo/ba-p/464431 . This issue is applicable to PAN-OS software on PA-Series and VM-Series firewalls and on Panorama (virtual and M-Series). Cloud NGFW and Prisma Access® are not impacted by these vulnerabilities.Show less

An authenticated attacker with the Resource Administrator or Administrator role can create SNMP configuration objects through iControl SOAP resulting in privilege escalation.  Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.Show less

protobufjs-cli is the command line add-on for protobuf.js. Prior to 1.2.1 and 2.0.2, pbts invoked JSDoc by building a shell command string from input file paths and executing it through child_process.exec. File paths containing shell metacharacters could therefore be interpreted by the shell instead of being passed to JSDoc as plain arguments. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.2.1 and 2.0.2.Show less