Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity

jq is a command-line JSON processor. Before commit 0c7d133c3c7e37c00b6d46b658a02244fdd3c784, jq used MurmurHash3 with a hardcoded, publicly visible seed (0x432A9843) for all JSON object hash table operations, which allowed an attacker to precompute key collisions offline. By supplying a crafted JSON object (~100 KB) where all keys hashed to the same bucket, hash table lookups degraded from O(1) to O(n), turning any jq expression into an O(n²) operation and causing significant CPU exhaustion. This affected common jq use cases such as CI/CD pipelines, web services, and data processing scripts, and was far more practical to exploit than existing heap overflow issues since it required only a small payload. This issue has been patched in commit 0c7d133c3c7e37c00b6d46b658a02244fdd3c784.Show less

Vikunja is an open-source self-hosted task management platform. Prior to 2.3.0, the addRepeatIntervalToTime function uses an O(n) loop that advances a date by the task's RepeatAfter duration until it exceeds the current time. By creating a repeating task with a 1-second interval and a due date far in the past, an attacker triggers billions of loop iterations, consuming CPU and holding a database connection for minutes per request. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.3.0.Show less

A security flaw has been discovered in musl libc up to 1.2.6. Affected is the function iconv of the file src/locale/iconv.c of the component GB18030 4-byte Decoder. Performing a manipulation results in inefficient algorithmic complexity. The attack must be initiated from a local position. To fix this issue, it is recommended to deploy a patch.Show less

An issue was discovered in 6.0 before 6.0.4, 5.2 before 5.2.13, and 4.2 before 4.2.30. `MultiPartParser` allows remote attackers to degrade performance by submitting multipart uploads with `Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64` including excessive whitespace. Earlier, unsupported Django series (such as 5.0.x, 4.1.x, and 3.2.x) were not evaluated and may also be affected. Django would like to thank Seokchan Yoon for reporting this issue.Show less

Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. From versions 3.0.0.beta1 to before 3.1.21, and 3.2.0 to before 3.2.6, Rack::Multipart::Parser#handle_mime_head parses quoted multipart parameters such as Content-Disposition: form-data; name="..." using repeated String#index searches combined with String#slice! prefix deletion. For escape-heavy quoted values, this causes super-linear processing. An unauthenticated attacker can send a crafted multipart/form-data request containing many parts with long backslash-escaped parameter values to trigger excessive CPU usage during multipart parsing. This results in a denial of service condition in Rack applications that accept multipart form data. This issue has been patched in versions 3.1.21 and 3.2.6.Show less

Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6, Rack::Utils.select_best_encoding processes Accept-Encoding values with quadratic time complexity when the header contains many wildcard (*) entries. Because this method is used by Rack::Deflater to choose a response encoding, an unauthenticated attacker can send a single request with a crafted Accept-Encoding header and cause disproportionate CPU consumption on the compression middleware path. This results in a denial of service condition for applications using Rack::Deflater. This issue has been patched in versions 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6.Show less

Suricata is a network IDS, IPS and NSM engine. From version 8.0.0 to before version 8.0.4, there is a quadratic complexity issue when searching for URLs in mime encoded messages over SMTP leading to a performance impact. This issue has been patched in version 8.0.4.Show less

Suricata is a network IDS, IPS and NSM engine. Prior to versions 7.0.15 and 8.0.4, specially crafted traffic can cause Suricata to slow down, affecting performance in IDS mode. This issue has been patched in versions 7.0.15 and 8.0.4.Show less

Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. Prior to versions 8.6.68 and 9.7.0-alpha.12, the GraphQL query complexity validator can be exploited to cause a denial-of-service by sending a crafted query with binary fan-out fragment spreads. A single unauthenticated request can block the Node.js event loop for seconds, denying service to all concurrent users. This only affects deployments that have enabled the requestComplexity.graphQLDepth or requestComplexity.graphQLFields configuration options. This issue has been patched in versions 8.6.68 and 9.7.0-alpha.12.Show less

GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 18.5 before 18.8.7, 18.9 before 18.9.3, and 18.10 before 18.10.1 that could have allowed an unauthenticated user to cause a denial of service by making the GitLab instance unresponsive due to improper input validation in GraphQL request processing.Show less

pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Versions prior to 6.9.1 allow an attacker to craft a malicious PDF which leads to long runtimes and/or large memory usage. Exploitation requires accessing an array-based stream with many entries. This issue has been fixed in version 6.9.1.Show less

pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to version 6.7.5, an attacker who uses this vulnerability can craft a PDF which leads to long runtimes. This requires accessing a stream which uses the /ASCIIHexDecode filter. This issue has been patched in version 6.7.5.Show less

minimatch is a minimal matching utility for converting glob expressions into JavaScript RegExp objects. Prior to version 10.2.3, 9.0.7, 8.0.6, 7.4.8, 6.2.2, 5.1.8, 4.2.5, and 3.1.3, `matchOne()` performs unbounded recursive backtracking when a glob pattern contains multiple non-adjacent `**` (GLOBSTAR) segments and the input path does not match. The time complexity is O(C(n, k)) -- binomial -- where `n` is the number of path segments and `k` is the number of globstars. With k=11 and n=30, a call to the default `minimatch()` API stalls for roughly 5 seconds. With k=13, it exceeds 15 seconds. No memoization or call budget exists to bound this behavior. Any application where an attacker can influence the glob pattern passed to `minimatch()` is vulnerable. The realistic attack surface includes build tools and task runners that accept user-supplied glob arguments (ESLint, Webpack, Rollup config), multi-tenant systems where one tenant configures glob-based rules that run in a shared process, admin or developer interfaces that accept ignore-rule or filter configuration as globs, and CI/CD pipelines that evaluate user-submitted config files containing glob patterns. An attacker who can place a crafted pattern into any of these paths can stall the Node.js event loop for tens of seconds per invocation. The pattern is 56 bytes for a 5-second stall and does not require authentication in contexts where pattern input is part of the feature. Versions 10.2.3, 9.0.7, 8.0.6, 7.4.8, 6.2.2, 5.1.8, 4.2.5, and 3.1.3 fix the issue.Show less

A flaw was found in GnuTLS. This vulnerability allows a denial of service (DoS) by excessive CPU (Central Processing Unit) and memory consumption via specially crafted malicious certificates containing a large number of name constraints and subject alternative names (SANs).Show less

An issue was discovered in 6.0 before 6.0.2, 5.2 before 5.2.11, and 4.2 before 4.2.28. `django.utils.text.Truncator.chars()` and `Truncator.words()` methods (with `html=True`) and the `truncatechars_html` and `truncatewords_html` template filters allow a remote attacker to cause a potential denial-of-service via crafted inputs containing a large number of unmatched HTML end tags. Earlier, unsupported Django series (such as 5.0.x, 4.1.x, and 3.2.x) were not evaluated and may also be affected. Django would like to thank Seokchan Yoon for reporting this issue.Show less

An issue was discovered in 6.0 before 6.0.2, 5.2 before 5.2.11, and 4.2 before 4.2.28. `ASGIRequest` allows a remote attacker to cause a potential denial-of-service via a crafted request with multiple duplicate headers. Earlier, unsupported Django series (such as 5.0.x, 4.1.x, and 3.2.x) were not evaluated and may also be affected. Django would like to thank Jiyong Yang for reporting this issue.Show less

Mattermost versions 10.11.x <= 10.11.8 fail to validate input size before processing hashtags which allows an authenticated attacker to exhaust CPU resources via a single HTTP request containing a post with thousands space-separated tokensShow less

When building nested elements using xml.dom.minidom methods such as appendChild() that have a dependency on _clear_id_cache() the algorithm is quadratic. Availability can be impacted when building excessively nested documents.Show less