Observable Response Discrepancy

Cacti is an open source performance and fault management framework. Prior to version 1.2.31, a User Enumeration vulnerability allows an attacker to identify valid usernames on the Cacti service. When a user attempts to log in, the application returns slightly different error messages depending on whether the provided username exists in the system. When username exists on Cacti, in the response, they see Access Denied! Login failed. When it does not exist on Cacti, they see Access Denied! Login Failed. The only difference between the responses is the capitalization of the letter "f" in the word failed. This issue has been patched in version 1.2.31.Show less

When a WSO2 product is configured to use an external user store, the system fails to adequately obscure the existence or validity of usernames during authentication attempts. This oversight allows an attacker to repeatedly query the authentication mechanism with different username guesses, enabling the enumeration of valid usernames present in the external user store. The discovery of valid usernames can increase the risk of targeted brute-force attacks, social engineering, and information leakage. Attackers can leverage this information to craft more convincing phishing campaigns or other social engineering tactics to trick users into revealing sensitive data. The presence of username enumeration could also negatively impact an organization's reputation, leading to loss of customer trust, regulatory non-compliance, and potential legal and financial repercussions.Show less

FOSSBilling is an open source billing and client-management platform. From 0.1.0 until 0.8.7, the unauthenticated POST /api/guest/client/create endpoint reveals whether a submitted email belongs to a registered client because guest signup returns a distinct unredacted error when the submitted email already exists. The trigger is an unauthenticated request to POST /api/guest/client/create with a target email address. An attacker can compare the guest-signup response for a target email to determine whether the email belongs to an existing FOSSBilling client. Box\Mod\Client\Api\Guest::create returns the error after Client\Service::clientAlreadyExists finds a matching record, and the API response exposes that exception message without redaction. This issue is fixed in version 0.8.7.Show less

phpMyFAQ before 4.1.9 and 4.2.0-alpha before 4.2.0-beta contains an account enumeration vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to confirm registered display names and emails via a distinct HTTP 409 response. Attackers can submit guest comments to the comment create endpoint with candidate user and mail values to link names to emails for targeted phishing.Show less

The endpoint exposes an observable response discrepancy when processing ID values. A request submitted with a nonexistent ID returns a distinct error response code from one submitted with a valid, registered ID, allowing an attacker holding a valid access token - but without further authentication or authorization - to distinguish valid ID values from the full 10-digit numeric search space. Combined with the absence of meaningful rate limiting on this endpoint, this discrepancy constitutes an enumeration oracle, enabling an attacker to discover registered devices at scale.Show less

Nezha from 1.7.0 before 2.3.15 contains an information disclosure vulnerability that allows authenticated members to enumerate other tenants' server IDs through differential responses. Attackers can sweep sequential IDs against getServerConfig and setServerConfig, distinguishing 'permission denied' from success payloads to map other users' servers.Show less

An authorization bypass vulnerability exists in the REST API of multiple versions of OpenNMS Meridian and Horizon. The /rest/** Spring Security filter chains authorize requests with intercept-url rules that name the HTTP method as an uppercase token, compare the method case-sensitively, and have no terminal deny rule. A request that uses a non-canonical (for example lowercase) method token matches no rule and is processed without authentication. A remote, unauthenticated attacker can read the monitored inventory and can create, modify, or delete resources through the REST API, which includes injecting events to fabricate or suppress alarms. The /rest/alarms chain has the same missing deny rule and discloses whether an alarm exists through a difference in the response. The fix adds a terminal deny rule to each REST filter chain. The solution is to upgrade to Meridian 2024.3.14, 2025.0.11, 2026.0.1 and Horizon 36.0.5 or newer. Meridian and Horizon installation instructions state that they are intended for installation within an organization's private networks and should not be directly accessible from the Internet.Show less

A remote user who can read encrypted objects in the S3 bucket can force a padding downgrade by altering the padding scheme recorded in an object's metadata to legacy PKCS#1 v1.5. Since this padding scheme is susceptible to the well-known Bleichenbacher attack, the user can use a PKCS#1 v1.5 padding oracle to recover the RSA-wrapped envelope key and decrypt the object. To remediate this issue, we recommend that users upgrade to version 3.2.2 or 4.0.3. The 1.x and 2.x lines will not be patched, users of those lines need to migrate to 3.2.2 or 4.0.3.Show less

In Thelia v2.6.0, both the administrative login and forgotten password endpoints return different responses for invalid usernames and incorrect passwords, allowing unauthenticated attackers to enumerate valid administrator accounts. Because the endpoint also lacks rate limiting or other protections against repeated authentication attempts, username enumeration can be performed efficiently at scale.Show less

LogicalDOC Community Edition through 9.3 contains a username enumeration vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to identify valid accounts because the AvatarServlet (/avatar) performs no session validation. Attackers can supply usernames or numeric IDs in the userId parameter and compare 1x1 transparent images against real avatars to enumerate users and retrieve profile pictures.Show less

Contao is an Open Source CMS. From version 4.1.0 until 5.3.50 and 5.7.12, ModuleRegistration::compile() enters its follow-up registration branch on any POST to a page containing the registration module without verifying FORM_SUBMIT or the preceding captcha result. resendActivationMail() can then invoke OptInToken::send() without rate limiting, allowing an unauthenticated attacker to cause repeated activation emails to be sent to an address with a pending registration and to determine whether that pending registration exists. The branch is reachable only when reg_activate is enabled and the target has an unconfirmed registration and opt-in token. This issue is fixed in versions 5.3.50 and 5.7.12.Show less

Host search in Frontend allows filtering by fields that are not displayed, including stored IPMI and PSK credentials. A user with read access can guess a credential and see from the search result whether the guess was right, letting them uncover it.Show less

UTMStack before 11.2.16 contains an account enumeration vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to determine registered email addresses by observing differing HTTP responses from the POST /api/account/reset-password/init endpoint. Attackers can submit arbitrary email addresses and distinguish registered accounts, which return 200 OK, from unregistered accounts, which trigger a 500 Internal Server Error with backend error details, enabling targeted phishing or credential attacks.Show less

YesWiki before 4.6.7 contains a user enumeration vulnerability in LostPasswordAction.php that allows unauthenticated attackers to confirm registered email addresses through differing responses. Attackers can submit emails to the MotDePassePerdu recovery page without rate limiting to identify valid accounts for targeted phishing or password-spraying.Show less

A flaw was found in Moodle. User list filters do not properly enforce visibility restrictions on user profile fields. An authorized user with manager privileges can filter user lists using profile attributes they are not permitted to view directly, resulting in unauthorized information disclosure by inferring hidden user data.Show less

A flaw was found in the Ansible Automation Platform automation-controller. The unauthenticated Bitbucket Data Center webhook receiver skips HMAC signature verification for diagnostics:ping events after it has already looked up the target template, causing the endpoint to return HTTP 200 for a template that has a Bitbucket DC webhook configured and HTTP 403 otherwise. An unauthenticated remote attacker can use this response discrepancy as an oracle to enumerate which Job Template and Workflow Job Template IDs have Bitbucket DC webhooks configured, without knowing the secret webhook_key.Show less

StringListPathField.to_internal_value() calls os.path.exists() on unbounded user-supplied paths. 200 vs 400 response reveals existence of arbitrary absolute paths on the controller-web pod. Tenant superuser can confirm /etc/tower/SECRET_KEY, k8s service-account token, receptor sockets, ConfigMap mount points. Mainly impactful on managed AAP (ansiblecloud.com) where tenant admin != host admin.Show less

URLModificationMiddleware resolves named-URL lookups against unfiltered Model.objects before RBAC. The 403→404 shim only rewrites 403 responses, leaving the pk=0 miss path with a different 404 detail string. Differential "Not found." vs "No <Model> matches..." reveals whether a named resource (org, credential, inventory, host) exists anywhere on the platform. Enables cross-tenant internal hostname enumeration.Show less