Integer Overflow or Wraparound

bcrypt-ruby is a Ruby binding for the OpenBSD bcrypt() password hashing algorithm. Prior to version 3.1.22, an integer overflow in the Java BCrypt implementation for JRuby can cause zero iterations in the strengthening loop. Impacted applications must be setting the cost to 31 to see this happen. The JRuby implementation of bcrypt-ruby (`BCrypt.java`) computes the key-strengthening round count as a signed 32-bit integer. When `cost=31` (the maximum allowed by the gem), signed integer overflow causes the round count to become negative, and the strengthening loop executes **zero iterations**. This collapses bcrypt from 2^31 rounds of exponential key-strengthening to effectively constant-time computation — only the initial EksBlowfish key setup and final 64x encryption phase remain. The resulting hash looks valid (`$2a$31$...`) and verifies correctly via `checkpw`, making the weakness invisible to the application. This issue is triggered only when cost=31 is used or when verifying a `$2a$31$` hash. This problem has been fixed in version 3.1.22. As a workaround, set the cost to something less than 31.Show less

llama.cpp is an inference of several LLM models in C/C++. Prior to b7824, an integer overflow vulnerability in the `ggml_nbytes` function allows an attacker to bypass memory validation by crafting a GGUF file with specific tensor dimensions. This causes `ggml_nbytes` to return a significantly smaller size than required (e.g., 4MB instead of Exabytes), leading to a heap-based buffer overflow when the application subsequently processes the tensor. This vulnerability allows potential Remote Code Execution (RCE) via memory corruption. b7824 contains a fix.Show less

cgltf version 1.15 and prior contain an integer overflow vulnerability in the cgltf_validate() function when validating sparse accessors that allows attackers to trigger out-of-bounds reads by supplying crafted glTF/GLB input files with attacker-controlled size values. Attackers can exploit unchecked arithmetic operations in sparse accessor validation to cause heap buffer over-reads in cgltf_calc_index_bound(), resulting in denial of service crashes and potential memory disclosure.Show less

libp2p-rust is the official rust language Implementation of the libp2p networking stack. In versions prior to 0.49.3, the Gossipsub implementation accepts attacker-controlled PRUNE backoff values and may perform unchecked time arithmetic when storing backoff state. A specially crafted PRUNE control message with an extremely large backoff (e.g. u64::MAX) can lead to Duration/Instant overflow during backoff update logic, triggering a panic in the networking state machine. This is remotely reachable over a normal libp2p connection and does not require authentication. Any application exposing a libp2p Gossipsub listener and using the affected backoff-handling path can be crashed by a network attacker that can reach the service port. The attack can be repeated by reconnecting and replaying the crafted control message. This issue has been fixed in version 0.49.3.Show less

UltraJSON is a fast JSON encoder and decoder written in pure C with bindings for Python 3.7+. Versions 5.10 through 5.11.0 are vulnerable to buffer overflow or infinite loop through large indent handling. ujson.dumps() crashes the Python interpreter (segmentation fault) when the product of the indent parameter and the nested depth of the input exceeds INT32_MAX. It can also get stuck in an infinite loop if the indent is a large negative number. Both are caused by an integer overflow/underflow whilst calculating how much memory to reserve for indentation. And both can be used to achieve denial of service. To be vulnerable, a service must call ujson.dump()/ujson.dumps()/ujson.encode() whilst giving untrusted users control over the indent parameter and not restrict that indentation to reasonably small non-negative values. A service may also be vulnerable to the infinite loop if it uses a fixed negative indent. An underflow always occurs for any negative indent when the input data is at least one level nested but, for small negative indents, the underflow is usually accidentally rectified by another overflow. This issue has been fixed in version 5.12.0.Show less

File Browser is a file managing interface for uploading, deleting, previewing, renaming, and editing files within a specified directory. In versions on the 2.x branch prior to 2.33.8, the TUS resumable upload handler parses the Upload-Length header as a signed 64-bit integer without validating that the value is non-negative, allowing an authenticated user to supply a negative value that instantly satisfies the upload completion condition upon the first PATCH request. This causes the server to fire after_upload exec hooks with empty or partial files, enabling an attacker to repeatedly trigger any configured hook with arbitrary filenames and zero bytes written. The impact ranges from DoS through expensive processing hooks, to command injection amplification when combined with malicious filenames, to abuse of upload-driven workflows like S3 ingestion or database inserts. Even without exec hooks enabled, the negative Upload-Length creates inconsistent cache entries where files are marked complete but contain no data. All deployments using the TUS upload endpoint (/api/tus) are affected, with the enableExec flag escalating the impact from cache inconsistency to remote command execution. This feature has been disabled by default for all installations from v2.33.8 onwards, including for existent installations. To exploit this vulnerability, the instance administrator must turn on a feature and ignore all the warnings about known vulnerabilities.Show less

HTSlib is a library for reading and writing bioinformatics file formats. GZI files are used to index block-compressed GZIP [BGZF] files. In the GZI loading function, `bgzf_index_load_hfile()`, it was possible to trigger an integer overflow, leading to an under- or zero-sized buffer being allocated to store the index. Sixteen zero bytes would then be written to this buffer, and, depending on the result of the overflow the rest of the file may also be loaded into the buffer as well. If the function did attempt to load the data, it would eventually fail due to not reading the expected number of records, and then try to free the overflowed heap buffer. Exploiting this bug causes a heap buffer overflow. If a user opens a file crafted to exploit this issue, it could lead to the program crashing, or overwriting of data and heap structures in ways not expected by the program. It may be possible to use this to obtain arbitrary code execution. Versions 1.23.1, 1.22.2 and 1.21.1 include fixes for this issue. The easiest work-around is to discard any `.gzi` index files from untrusted sources, and use the `bgzip -r` option to recreate them.Show less

Netskope was notified about a potential gap in its Endpoint DLP Module for Netskope Client on Windows systems. The successful exploitation of the gap can potentially allow a privileged user to trigger an integer overflow within the DLL Injector, leading to a Blue-Screen-of-Death (BSOD). Successful exploitation would require the Endpoint DLP module to be enabled in the client configuration. A successful exploit can potentially result in a denial-of-service for the local machine.Show less

Netskope was notified about a potential gap in its Endpoint DLP Module for Netskope Client on Windows systems. The successful exploitation of the gap can potentially allow an unprivileged user to trigger an integer overflow within the filter communication port, leading to a Blue-Screen-of-Death (BSOD). Successful exploitation would require the Endpoint DLP module to be enabled in the client configuration. A successful exploit can potentially result in a denial-of-service for the local machine.Show less

GStreamer RIFF Palette Integer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of GStreamer. Interaction with this library is required to exploit this vulnerability but attack vectors may vary depending on the implementation. The specific flaw exists within the handling of palette data in AVI files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in an integer overflow before writing to memory. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-28854.Show less

Yamux is a stream multiplexer over reliable, ordered connections such as TCP/IP. From 0.13.0 to before 0.13.9, a specially crafted WindowUpdate can cause arithmetic overflow in send-window accounting, which triggers a panic in the connection state machine. This is remotely reachable over a normal network connection and does not require authentication. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.13.9.Show less

Cap'n Proto is a data interchange format and capability-based RPC system. Prior to 1.4.0, a negative Content-Length value was converted to unsigned, treating it as an impossibly large length instead. In theory, this bug could enable HTTP request/response smuggling. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.4.0.Show less

llama.cpp is an inference of several LLM models in C/C++. Prior to b8146, the gguf_init_from_file_impl() in gguf.cpp is vulnerable to an Integer overflow, leading to an undersized heap allocation. Using the subsequent fread() writes 528+ bytes of attacker-controlled data past the buffer boundary. This is a bypass of a similar bug in the same file - CVE-2025-53630, but the fix overlooked some areas. This vulnerability is fixed in b8146.Show less