Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine

GitLab has remediated a vulnerability in the GitLab AI Gateway component affecting all versions of the AI Gateway from 18.1.6 before 19.2.4, 19.3 before 19.3.2, and 19.4 before 19.4.1 that, under certain conditions, could have allowed an authenticated user with Duo Agent Platform access to escape the prompt template sandbox via a specially crafted flow configuration, resulting in arbitrary command execution on the AI Gateway.Show less

Document Merge Service is a document template merge service providing an API to manage templates and merge them with given data. Prior to version 9.1.0, a remote code execution (RCE) via server-side template injection (SSTI) allows for user supplied code to be executed in the server's context where it is executed as the document-merge-server user with the UID 901 thus giving an attacker considerable control over the container. The vulnerability is limited to XLSX templates, were the xltpl library uses a npn-sandboxed Jinja environment for the processing of the template. This issue has been patched in version 9.1.0.Show less

A security vulnerability has been detected in formtools.org Form Tools up to 3.1.1. This vulnerability affects the function Clients::updateClientSettingsTab of the file global/code/Clients.class.php of the component Client Settings. The manipulation of the argument page_titles leads to improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.Show less

A system notification template on the Kiteworks appliance was rendered by a template engine that evaluated expressions contained in the stored template body. An authenticated System Administrator could potentially store a crafted template that executed operating-system commands on the appliance when the notification was next sent.Show less

A security vulnerability has been detected in Naichen ThinkCMF up to 8.0.7. Affected by this issue is the function MailController::templatePut of the file cmf-api/src/admin/controller/MailController.php of the component Email Template. The manipulation leads to improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.Show less

Zammad is a web based open source helpdesk/customer support system. Prior to 7.1.2, a security filter that protects Zammad's AI Agent configuration can be bypassed by entering specially crafted text into one of an AI Agent's fields. An administrator with permission to create or edit AI Agents could exploit this to run arbitrary commands on the server that hosts Zammad, potentially reading, modifying, or destroying all data stored on that server. No interaction from other users is needed; the malicious code runs automatically the next time the affected AI Agent processes a ticket. This issue is fixed in version 7.1.2.Show less

HFS2 version 2.4.0 and earlier contains a template injection vulnerability in the multipart upload handler that allows unauthenticated attackers to achieve remote code execution by embedding malicious template syntax in a filename. Attackers can craft a filename containing a closing template quoting sequence followed by an exec macro, which bypasses the authorization check in the dispatcher to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying host system.Show less

Solspace Freeform plugin for Craft CMS 5.x is a super flexible form-building tool. From 5.0.0 through 5.10.13, submitted values from public Freeform forms can be evaluated by the isolated Twig renderer when rendered into HTML attributes. An unauthenticated attacker can place Twig expressions in submitted field values, including value attributes, and receive evaluated PHP, operating-system, or Craft filesystem-path constants in the form response. The isolated context was not shown to expose Craft globals, environment variables, credentials, arbitrary files, or code execution, so the confirmed impact is limited server and environment information disclosure and possible rendering errors. This issue is fixed in version 5.10.14.Show less

ZohoCorp ManageEngine OpManager, NetFlow Analyzer, and Network Configuration Manager versions 12.8.667 and below were vulnerable to a Server-Side Template Injection vulnerability in Configlet processing, which could lead to Remote Code Execution.Show less

openEQUELLA before 2026.1.0 contains an authenticated stored server-side template injection vulnerability in FreemarkerPortletRenderer.renderHtml() that allows any authenticated non-guest user to achieve remote code execution by storing a malicious FreeMarker payload through a POST request to the RemotePortletService invoker endpoint. The markup field from stored portlet configuration is passed directly to custFactory.createResult() without a TemplateClassResolver restriction or FreeMarker sandboxing in BasicConfiguration, leaving built-ins such as ?new and freemarker.template.utility.Execute available, causing the payload to execute in the application server process context when any user renders a dashboard containing the affected portlet.Show less

Craft CMS 4.8.0 through 4.18.5 and 5.0.0 through 5.10.12 sign an authenticated user's attacker-controlled license-shun cookie with the same key and format used to validate signed redirect parameters, because the HMAC signature is not bound to its purpose (Yii's cookieValidationKey is derived from the same Craft securityKey used for signed request parameters). An authenticated, non-administrator user (Control Panel access is not required) can set the cookie via the license-shun endpoint and transplant the signed envelope into the redirect parameter; on a successful login, Craft validates the signature and renders the authenticated bytes as an unsandboxed Twig template, where Twig's map filter accepts a string callback and allows PHP system() to execute arbitrary operating-system commands as the web-server user. Exploitation requires an account using password authentication without active 2FA, the default request configuration, and availability of PHP system(). The issue is fixed in 4.18.6 and 5.10.13.Show less

Backstage is an open framework for building developer portals. Prior to 1.14.6 and from 1.15.0 until 1.15.4, the @backstage/plugin-techdocs-node package insufficiently validates mkdocs.yml supplied by an authenticated user who can register or modify a TechDocs source. Unsafe Python YAML tags, markdown_extensions names and configuration, theme options, and extra_templates values can reach the documentation generator and cause unintended code execution. The resulting impact is limited to the files, credentials, network access, and other resources available to the TechDocs backend or build container. This issue is fixed in versions 1.14.6 and 1.15.4.Show less

Polyaxon through 2.16.4 renders operation specification fields with an unsandboxed Jinja2 environment during server-side run preparation, allowing authenticated users to execute arbitrary code. Attackers can submit runs with Jinja2 payloads in queue, namespace, conditions, presets, or dependencies fields to execute operating system commands in the scheduler process context, exposing database credentials and service tokens.Show less

Concrete CMS 9 through 9.5.2 is vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) in Theme Customizer via Unvalidated Style Values. Values submitted through the customizer (color channels and other style properties handled by ColorStyle and sibling Style classes such as FontFamilyStyle and ImageStyle) are interpolated into server-compiled LESS source without neutralization of LESS syntax, allowing a user with the Theme Customization permission to inject arbitrary LESS directives. By injecting the @import (inline) directive, an attacker can read arbitrary files on the server and reach internal network resources through PHP stream wrappers. The compiled output, including any disclosed file contents, is written to the site's publicly served CSS cache, exposing database credentials, private keys, and other application secrets, and enabling server-side request forgery. The Concrete CMS security team gave this vulnerability a CVSS v4.0 score of 5.9 with vector CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N. Thanks Yonatan Drori from Tenzai for reporting.Show less

Improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine vulnerability in Arma Digital Media Inc. Website Template allows Code Injection. This issue affects Website Template: through 11092026. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.Show less

Velociraptor allows for the creation of notebook backups in its default enabled daily backup feature. When Velociraptor restores the backup, the notebook cell content is interpolated into a template with no ACL checks. This allows a malicious user with NOTEBOOK_EDITOR permission to plant a VQL query which will be evaluated at elevated permissions if the notebook's backup is subsequently restored.Show less

A template injection vulnerability was discovered in the Dashboards functionality due to improper validation of an input parameter. An authenticated user with the required privileges can define a dashboard containing a malicious payload, or a victim can be socially engineered into importing a malicious dashboard. When the victim views or imports the dashboard, the payload executes in their browser context, allowing the attacker to modify application data or disrupt application availability.Show less

Adobe Commerce is affected by an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction. Scope is changed.Show less