Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')

Picomatch is a glob matcher written JavaScript. Versions prior to 4.0.4, 3.0.2, and 2.3.2 are vulnerable to a method injection vulnerability affecting the `POSIX_REGEX_SOURCE` object. Because the object inherits from `Object.prototype`, specially crafted POSIX bracket expressions (e.g., `[[:constructor:]]`) can reference inherited method names. These methods are implicitly converted to strings and injected into the generated regular expression. This leads to incorrect glob matching behavior (integrity impact), where patterns may match unintended filenames. The issue does not enable remote code execution, but it can cause security-relevant logic errors in applications that rely on glob matching for filtering, validation, or access control. All users of affected `picomatch` versions that process untrusted or user-controlled glob patterns are potentially impacted. This issue is fixed in picomatch 4.0.4, 3.0.2 and 2.3.2. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later, depending on their supported release line. If upgrading is not immediately possible, avoid passing untrusted glob patterns to picomatch. Possible mitigations include sanitizing or rejecting untrusted glob patterns, especially those containing POSIX character classes like `[[:...:]]`; avoiding the use of POSIX bracket expressions if user input is involved; and manually patching the library by modifying `POSIX_REGEX_SOURCE` to use a null prototype.Show less

n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 2.14.1, 2.13.3, and 1.123.27, an authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows could exploit a prototype pollution vulnerability in the XML and the GSuiteAdmin nodes. By supplying a crafted parameters as part of node configuration, an attacker could write attacker-controlled values onto `Object.prototype`. An attacker could use this prototype pollution to achieve remote code execution on the n8n instance. The issue has been fixed in n8n versions 2.14.1, 2.13.3, and 1.123.27. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later to remediate the vulnerability. If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations: Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only, and/or disable the XML node by adding `n8n-nodes-base.xml` to the `NODES_EXCLUDE` environment variable. These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.Show less

flatted is a circular JSON parser. Prior to version 3.4.2, the parse() function in flatted can use attacker-controlled string values from the parsed JSON as direct array index keys, without validating that they are numeric. Since the internal input buffer is a JavaScript Array, accessing it with the key "__proto__" returns Array.prototype via the inherited getter. This object is then treated as a legitimate parsed value and assigned as a property of the output object, effectively leaking a live reference to Array.prototype to the consumer. Any code that subsequently writes to that property will pollute the global prototype. This issue has been patched in version 3.4.2.Show less

Qwik is a performance-focused JavaScript framework. Versions prior to 1.19.2 improperly inferred arrays from dotted form field names during FormData parsing. By submitting mixed array-index and object-property keys for the same path, an attacker could cause user-controlled properties to be written onto values that application code expected to be arrays. When processing application/x-www-form-urlencoded or multipart/form-data requests, Qwik City converted dotted field names (e.g., items.0, items.1) into nested structures. If a path was interpreted as an array, additional attacker-supplied keys on that path—such as items.toString, items.push, items.valueOf, or items.length—could alter the resulting server-side value in unexpected ways, potentially leading to request handling failures, denial of service through malformed array state or oversized lengths, and type confusion in downstream code. This issue was fixed in version 1.19.2.Show less

Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. Prior to 9.6.0-alpha.24 and 8.6.47, remote clients can crash the Parse Server process by calling a cloud function endpoint with a crafted function name that traverses the JavaScript prototype chain of a registered cloud function handler, causing a stack overflow. The fix in versions 9.6.0-alpha.24 and 8.6.47 restricts property lookups during cloud function name resolution to own properties only, preventing prototype chain traversal from stored function handlers. There is no known workaround.Show less

Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. Prior to 9.6.0-alpha.20 and 8.6.44, an attacker can bypass the default request keyword denylist protection and the class-level permission for adding fields by sending a crafted request that exploits prototype pollution in the deep copy mechanism. This allows injecting fields into class schemas that have field addition locked down, and can cause permanent schema type conflicts that cannot be resolved even with the master key. In 9.6.0-alpha.20 and 8.6.44, the vulnerable third-party deep copy library has been replaced with a built-in deep clone mechanism that handles prototype properties safely, allowing the existing denylist check to correctly detect and reject the prohibited keyword. No known workarounds are available.Show less

Elysia is a Typescript framework for request validation, type inference, OpenAPI documentation, and client-server communication. Prior to version 1.4.27, an Elysia cookie can be overridden by prototype pollution , eg. `__proto__`. This issue is patched in 1.4.27. As a workaround, use t.Cookie validation to enforce validation value and/or prevent iterable over cookie if possible.Show less

OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.21 accept prototype-reserved keys in runtime /debug set override object values, allowing prototype pollution attacks. Authorized /debug set callers can inject __proto__, constructor, or prototype keys to manipulate object prototypes and bypass command gate restrictions.Show less

A vulnerability was found in Lagom WHMCS Template up to 2.3.7. Impacted is an unknown function of the component Datatables. The manipulation results in improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.Show less

Apollo Federation is an architecture for declaratively composing APIs into a unified graph. Prior to 2.9.6, 2.10.5, 2.11.6, 2.12.3, and 2.13.2, a vulnerability exists in query plan execution within the gateway that may allow pollution of Object.prototype in certain scenarios. A malicious client may be able to pollute Object.prototype in gateway directly by crafting operations with field aliases and/or variable names that target prototype-inheritable properties. Alternatively, if a subgraph were to be compromised by a malicious actor, they may be able to pollute Object.prototype in gateway by crafting JSON response payloads that target prototype-inheritable properties. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.9.6, 2.10.5, 2.11.6, 2.12.3, and 2.13.2.Show less

Svelte devalue is a JavaScript library that serializes values into strings when JSON.stringify isn't sufficient for the job. In devalue v5.6.3 and earlier, devalue.parse and devalue.unflatten were susceptible to prototype pollution via maliciously crafted payloads. Successful exploitation could lead to Denial of Service (DoS) or type confusion. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.6.4.Show less

Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. Prior to 8.6.13 and 9.5.1-alpha.2, an unauthenticated attacker can crash the Parse Server process by calling a Cloud Function endpoint with a prototype property name as the function name. The server recurses infinitely, causing a call stack size error that terminates the process. Other prototype property names bypass Cloud Function dispatch validation and return HTTP 200 responses, even though no such Cloud Functions are defined. The same applies to dot-notation traversal. All Parse Server deployments that expose the Cloud Function endpoint are affected. This vulnerability is fixed in 8.6.13 and 9.5.1-alpha.2.Show less

Immutable.js provides many Persistent Immutable data structures. Prior to versions 3.8.3, 4.3.7, and 5.1.5, Prototype Pollution is possible in immutable via the mergeDeep(), mergeDeepWith(), merge(), Map.toJS(), and Map.toObject() APIs. This issue has been patched in versions 3.8.3, 4.3.7, and 5.1.5.Show less

oRPC is an tool that helps build APIs that are end-to-end type-safe and adhere to OpenAPI standards. Prior to version 1.13.6, a prototype pollution vulnerability exists in the RPC JSON deserializer of the @orpc/client package. The vulnerability allows unauthenticated, remote attackers to inject arbitrary properties into the global Object.prototype. Because this pollution persists for the lifetime of the Node.js process and affects all objects, it can lead to severe security breaches, including authentication bypass, denial of service, and potentially Remote Code Execution. This issue has been patched in version 1.13.6.Show less

Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution'), Use of Password Hash With Insufficient Computational Effort vulnerability in rustdesk-client RustDesk Client rustdesk, hbb_common on Windows, MacOS, Linux (Password security module, config encryption, machine UID modules) allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data. This vulnerability is associated with program files hbb_common/src/password_security.Rs, hbb_common/src/config.Rs, hbb_common/src/lib.Rs (get_uuid), machine-uid/src/lib.Rs and program routines symmetric_crypt(), encrypt_str_or_original(), decrypt_str_or_original(), get_uuid(), get_machine_id(). This issue affects RustDesk Client: through 1.4.5.Show less

Dottie provides nested object access and manipulation in JavaScript. Versions 2.0.4 through 2.0.6 contain an incomplete fix for CVE-2023-26132. The prototype pollution guard introduced in commit `7d3aee1` only validates the first segment of a dot-separated path, allowing an attacker to bypass the protection by placing `__proto__` at any position other than the first. Both `dottie.set()` and `dottie.transform()` are affected. Version 2.0.7 contains an updated fix to address the residual vulnerability.Show less

A vulnerability was identified in higuma web-audio-recorder-js 0.1/0.1.1. Impacted is the function extend in the library lib/WebAudioRecorder.js of the component Dynamic Config Handling. Such manipulation leads to improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. The exploitability is considered difficult. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.Show less

Swiper is a free and mobile touch slider with hardware accelerated transitions and native behavior. Versions 6.5.1 through 12.1.1 have a Prototype pollution vulnerability. The vulnerability resides in line 94 of shared/utils.mjs, where the indexOf() function is used to check whether user provided input contain forbidden strings. Despite a previous fix that attempted to mitigate prototype pollution by checking whether user input contained a forbidden key, it is still possible to pollute Object.prototype via a crafted input using Array.prototype. The exploit works across Windows and Linux and on Node and Bun runtimes. Any application that processes attacker-controlled input using this package may be affected by the following: Authentication Bypass, Denial of Service and RCE. This issue is fixed in version 12.1.2.Show less

A State Pollution vulnerability was discovered in the TON Virtual Machine (TVM) before v2025.04. The issue exists in the RUNVM instruction logic (VmState::run_child_vm), which is responsible for initializing child virtual machines. The operation moves critical resources (specifically libraries and log) from the parent state to a new child state in a non-atomic manner. If an Out-of-Gas (OOG) exception occurs after resources are moved but before the state transition is finalized, the parent VM retains a corrupted state where these resources are emptied/invalid. Because RUNVM supports gas isolation, the parent VM continues execution with this corrupted state, leading to unexpected behavior or denial of service within the contract's context.Show less

set-in provides the set value of nested associative structure given array of keys. A prototype pollution vulnerability exists in the the npm package set-in (>=2.0.1, < 2.0.5). Despite a previous fix that attempted to mitigate prototype pollution by checking whether user input contained a forbidden key, it is still possible to pollute Object.prototype via a crafted input using Array.prototype. This has been fixed in version 2.0.5.Show less