Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')

n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to 1.123.61, 2.27.4, and, 2.28.1, an authenticated user with the default workflow:create permission could pollute Object.prototype through a crafted workflow saved, updated, or imported via the workflow API, allowing unauthenticated requests to be treated as a privileged user and exposing user and project listing endpoints. This issue is fixed in versions 1.123.61, 2.27.4, and 2.28.1.Show less

A security flaw has been discovered in enquirer up to 2.4.1. Affected is the function Enquirer.set of the component Public Package API. The manipulation of the argument question.name results in improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report.Show less

protobufjs compiles protobuf definitions into JavaScript (JS) functions. From 8.2.0 until 8.6.5, the protobufjs Text Format extension parsed string-keyed map entries using ordinary property assignment, allowing a map entry with key __proto__ to change the prototype of the returned map object instead of creating an own map entry in protobufjs/ext/textformat. This issue is fixed in version 8.6.5.Show less

CyberChef is a web app for encryption, encoding, compression, and data analysis. Prior to 11.2.0, the Series Chart operation accepts __proto__ as a key while parsing user-supplied CSV, allowing prototype pollution that can be chained with operations such as Parse UDP to inject malicious JavaScript into HTML output. This issue is fixed in version 11.2.0.Show less

Jodit Editor is a WYSIWYG editor with written in pure TypeScript file and image editing capabilities. Versions prior to 4.12.26 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution through Jodit.modules.Helpers.set(chain, value, obj), which walks the dot-separated chain, creating and following each path segment without filtering prototype-mutating keys. A chain that begins with (or contains) __proto__, constructor, or prototype lets the final assignment reach and mutate Object.prototype. Applications that pass a user-controlled or partially user-controlled key path into Jodit.modules.Helpers.set() could be vulnerable, causing unexpected property injection, logic bypass, denial of service, or secondary security issues. This issue has been fixed in version 4.12.26.Show less

Jodit Editor is a WYSIWYG editor with written in pure TypeScript file and image editing capabilities. In versions prior to 4.12.18, Jodit.configure(options) — and the internal ConfigMerge / ConfigProto helpers — merged user-supplied options into the editor configuration without filtering prototype-mutating keys, potentially causing a Prototype Pollution vulnerability. A payload nested under an existing plain-object option such as controls could reach and mutate Object.prototype. Applications that pass user-controlled or partially user-controlled configuration into Jodit.configure() may be vulnerable. This issue was fixed in version 4.12.18.Show less

Style Dictionary, a build system for creating cross-platform styles, has a prototype pollution vulnerability starting in version 4.3.0 and prior to version 5.4.4. Impact users have: direct usage of `convertTokenData(tokens, { output: 'object' });`; indirect usage, via using Expand API; and/or indirect usage via SD's transform lifecycle. Impact is high for this when style-dictionary is used as an integration in a NodeJS server application. Impact is moderate for when style-dictionary is used as an integration in a Web application. Impact is low for most common cases where the user of style-dictionary also maintains the tokens, and access is limited via read/write access to the repository/workflows where it is used. A patch has been published in version `5.4.4`. The only known workaround is to sanitize token data first. Whether using DTCG format or old Style Dictionary format, check the token data object recursively for any object keys that include `__proto__`.Show less

n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to 2.25.7 and 2.26.2, a prototype pollution vulnerability allowed a crafted public webhook payload to inject attacker-controlled fields into workflow data during internal object copying. These fields could be surfaced and consumed as normal values by downstream built-in nodes. Where a workflow combines a public webhook with action nodes that consume the resulting fields, an attacker could cause the workflow to act as a confused deputy — targeting unintended records or issuing outbound requests using the workflow owner's configured credentials. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.25.7 and 2.26.2.Show less

n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to 1.123.43, 2.22.1, and 2.20.7, an authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows could bypass the patch for CVE-2026-42232 in the XML node. When combined with other nodes, this could lead to RCE on the n8n host. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.123.43, 2.22.1, and 2.20.7.Show less

n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to 1.123.43, 2.22.1, and 2.20.7, an authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows could achieve global prototype pollution via an unvalidated pagination parameter in the HTTP Request node. Combined with other techniques this could lead to RCE on the instance. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.123.43, 2.22.1, and 2.20.7.Show less

n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to 2.24.0, an authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows could achieve global prototype pollution via the Microsoft SQL node by supplying a crafted value as the table parameter. This pollutes Object.prototype process-wide for the lifetime of the n8n server process, causing application-wide validation failures and rendering the n8n instance completely non-functional until restarted. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.24.0.Show less

piscina is a node.js worker pool implementation. Prior to 6.0.0-rc.2, 5.2.0, and 4.9.3, piscina's constructor and run() paths read the filename option via plain member access. Both reads fall through the prototype chain when the caller's options object doesn't have filename as an own property. When Object.prototype.filename is polluted upstream the inherited value flows to worker_threads.Worker import and the attacker's .mjs runs in the worker. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.0.0-rc.2, 5.2.0, and 4.9.3.Show less

deepstream is a server that allows clients and backend services to sync data, send messages and make rpcs at scale. Versions prior to 10.0.5 are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution. Exploitation can lead to potential privilege escalation from any authenticated user with write permission to any record. This issue has been fixed in version 10.0.5.Show less

ThingsBoard contains a prototype pollution vulnerability which may lead to arbitrary code execution within a sandboxed context by a user who can log in to the affected product with the tenant administrator privilege (TENANT_ADMIN).Show less

i18next-http-middleware is a middleware to be used with Node.js web frameworks like express or Fastify and also for Deno. In versions prior to 3.9.7, the missingKeyHandler blocked the literal request-body keys __proto__, constructor, and prototype (added in 3.9.3, see GHSA-5fgg-jcpf-8jjw), but did not reject dotted variants such as "__proto__.polluted". Downstream backends that split the missing-key string on a configured keySeparator (notably i18next-fs-backend ≤ 2.6.5) hand these keys to an unguarded setPath() walker that writes to Object.prototype. Applications that expose missingKeyHandler to untrusted input AND use i18next-fs-backend ≤ 2.6.5 are directly exploitable for remote prototype pollution. Other downstream backends that split the missing-key string the same way may be similarly affected. Depending on the host application, polluted prototype properties may cause crashes, corrupted translation behaviour, configuration poisoning, or bypasses of property-based security checks. This issue has been fixed in version 3.9.7. If developers cannot upgrade immediately, they should do the following: do not expose missingKeyHandler to untrusted users (mount it behind authentication, or remove the route), add a request-body filter ahead of the handler that rejects any top-level key containing __proto__, constructor, or prototype after splitting on their configured keySeparator, and disable missing-key persistence (saveMissing: false) when accepting writes from untrusted input.Show less

Versions prior to 2.6.6 are vulnerable to prototype pollution via crafted missing-key strings when used to persist missing translation keys (e.g. via i18next-http-middleware's missingKeyHandler exposed to untrusted input). Backend.writeFile() splits each queued missing-key string on the configured keySeparator (default .) before calling the internal setPath() walker. The walker (getLastOfPath in lib/utils.js) did not guard against unsafe segments, so a key like "__proto__.polluted" was split into ["__proto__", "polluted"] and walked straight into Object.prototype, allowing an attacker to write arbitrary properties onto the global object prototype. Depending on the host application, polluted prototype properties may cause crashes, corrupted translation behaviour, configuration poisoning, or bypasses of property-based security checks. Applications are affected only if the missingKeyHandler (or another route that forwards untrusted request bodies to i18next.t(..., { ... }) with saveMissing: true) is reachable by untrusted users and the default behaviour of splitting missing-key strings on keySeparator is in use (i.e. keySeparator is not false). Apps that do not expose missing-key persistence to untrusted input are not directly affected through this attack path. This issue has been fixed in version 2.6.6. If developers using the library are unable to upgrade immediately, they should take the following precautions: do not expose i18next-http-middleware's missingKeyHandler to untrusted users (mount it behind authentication, or remove the route), disable missing-key persistence (saveMissing: false, or no backend.create implementation) when accepting writes from untrusted input, and set keySeparator: false in their i18next options to disable backend key splitting (note: this also disables nested translation keys).Show less

A security vulnerability has been detected in RubyLouvre avalon up to 2.2.10. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file src/filters/index.js of the component Template Filter Handler. Such manipulation leads to improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.Show less

A weakness has been identified in jsonata-js jsonata up to 2.2.0. The affected element is the function createFrame of the file src/jsonata.js of the component Function Binding Frame System. This manipulation causes improperly controlled modification of object prototype attributes. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.Show less

ApostropheCMS is an open-source Node.js content management system. In versions up to and including 4.30.0, `apos.util.set()` traverses dot-notation paths without sanitizing `__proto__`, allowing an authenticated editor to write arbitrary values to `Object.prototype` via the `$pullAll` patch operator. A confirmed gadget in `publicApiCheck()` causes this to bypass authorization on all piece-type REST API endpoints for every subsequent unauthenticated request, for the lifetime of the Node.js process. As of time of publication, no known patched versions are available.Show less