Out-of-bounds Read

Mesop is a Python-based UI framework that allows users to build web applications. From version 1.2.3 to before version 1.2.5, an uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability exists in the WebSocket implementation of the Mesop framework. An unauthenticated attacker can send a rapid succession of WebSocket messages, forcing the server to spawn an unbounded number of operating system threads. This leads to thread exhaustion and Out of Memory (OOM) errors, causing a complete Denial of Service (DoS) for any application built on the framework. This issue has been patched in version 1.2.5.Show less

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bnxt_en: fix OOB access in DBG_BUF_PRODUCER async event handler The ASYNC_EVENT_CMPL_EVENT_ID_DBG_BUF_PRODUCER handler in bnxt_async_event_process() uses a firmware-supplied 'type' field directly as an index into bp->bs_trace[] without bounds validation. The 'type' field is a 16-bit value extracted from DMA-mapped completion ring memory that the NIC writes directly to host RAM. A malicious or compromised NIC can supply any value from 0 to 65535, causing an out-of-bounds access into kernel heap memory. The bnxt_bs_trace_check_wrap() call then dereferences bs_trace->magic_byte and writes to bs_trace->last_offset and bs_trace->wrapped, leading to kernel memory corruption or a crash. Fix by adding a bounds check and defining BNXT_TRACE_MAX as DBG_LOG_BUFFER_FLUSH_REQ_TYPE_ERR_QPC_TRACE + 1 to cover all currently defined firmware trace types (0x0 through 0xc).Show less

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: L2CAP: Validate L2CAP_INFO_RSP payload length before access l2cap_information_rsp() checks that cmd_len covers the fixed l2cap_info_rsp header (type + result, 4 bytes) but then reads rsp->data without verifying that the payload is present: - L2CAP_IT_FEAT_MASK calls get_unaligned_le32(rsp->data), which reads 4 bytes past the header (needs cmd_len >= 8). - L2CAP_IT_FIXED_CHAN reads rsp->data[0], 1 byte past the header (needs cmd_len >= 5). A truncated L2CAP_INFO_RSP with result == L2CAP_IR_SUCCESS triggers an out-of-bounds read of adjacent skb data. Guard each data access with the required payload length check. If the payload is too short, skip the read and let the state machine complete with safe defaults (feat_mask and remote_fixed_chan remain zero from kzalloc), so the info timer cleanup and l2cap_conn_start() still run and the connection is not stalled.Show less

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nf_conntrack_h323: fix OOB read in decode_int() CONS case In decode_int(), the CONS case calls get_bits(bs, 2) to read a length value, then calls get_uint(bs, len) without checking that len bytes remain in the buffer. The existing boundary check only validates the 2 bits for get_bits(), not the subsequent 1-4 bytes that get_uint() reads. This allows a malformed H.323/RAS packet to cause a 1-4 byte slab-out-of-bounds read. Add a boundary check for len bytes after get_bits() and before get_uint().Show less

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nf_conntrack_h323: check for zero length in DecodeQ931() In DecodeQ931(), the UserUserIE code path reads a 16-bit length from the packet, then decrements it by 1 to skip the protocol discriminator byte before passing it to DecodeH323_UserInformation(). If the encoded length is 0, the decrement wraps to -1, which is then passed as a large value to the decoder, leading to an out-of-bounds read. Add a check to ensure len is positive after the decrement.Show less

A remote attacker can supply a short X-Wing HPKE encapsulated key and trigger an out-of-bounds read in the C decapsulation path, potentially causing a crash or memory disclosure depending on runtime protections. This issue is fixed in swift-crypto version 4.3.1.Show less

An out-of-bounds access issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.6 and iPadOS 18.6, iPadOS 17.7.9, macOS Sequoia 15.6, macOS Sonoma 14.7.7, macOS Ventura 13.7.7, tvOS 18.6, visionOS 2.6, watchOS 11.6. Processing a maliciously crafted media file may lead to unexpected app termination or corrupt process memory.Show less

NanoMQ MQTT Broker (NanoMQ) is an all-around Edge Messaging Platform. Prior to version 0.24.10, in NanoMQ's webhook_inproc.c, the hook_work_cb() function processes nng messages by parsing the message body with cJSON_Parse(body). The body is obtained from nng_msg_body(msg), which is a binary buffer without a guaranteed null terminator. This leads to an out-of-bounds read (OOB read) as cJSON_Parse reads until it finds a \0, potentially accessing memory beyond the allocated buffer (e.g., nng_msg metadata or adjacent heap/stack). The issue is often masked by nng's allocation padding (extra 32 bytes of zeros for non-power-of-two sizes <1024 or non-aligned). The overflow is reliably triggered when the JSON payload length is a power-of-two >=1024 (no padding added). This issue has been patched in version 0.24.10.Show less

Signal K Server is a server application that runs on a central hub in a boat. Prior to version 2.24.0, there is an arbitrary prototype read vulnerability via `from` field bypass. This vulnerability allows a low-privileged authenticated user to bypass prototype boundary filtering to extract internal functions and properties from the global prototype object this violates data isolation and lets a user read more than they should. This issue has been patched in version 2.24.0.Show less

An issue was discovered in Mbed TLS 3.x before 3.6.6. An out-of-bounds read vulnerability in mbedtls_ccm_finish() in library/ccm.c allows attackers to obtain adjacent CCM context data via invocation of the multipart CCM API with an oversized tag_len parameter. This is caused by missing validation of the tag_len parameter against the size of the internal 16-byte authentication buffer. The issue affects the public multipart CCM API in Mbed TLS 3.x, where mbedtls_ccm_finish() can be invoked directly by applications. In Mbed TLS 4.x versions prior to the fix, the same missing validation exists in the internal implementation; however, the function is not exposed as part of the public API. Exploitation requires application-level invocation of the multipart CCM API.Show less

A flaw has been found in LibRaw up to 0.22.0. This affects the function LibRaw::nikon_load_padded_packed_raw of the file src/decoders/decoders_libraw.cpp of the component TIFF/NEF. Executing a manipulation of the argument load_flags/raw_width can lead to out-of-bounds read. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. Upgrading to version 0.22.1 mitigates this issue. This patch is called b8397cd45657b84e88bd1202528d1764265f185c. It is advisable to upgrade the affected component.Show less

A vulnerability was determined in Nothings stb up to 1.26. The affected element is the function stbtt__buf_get8 in the library stb_truetype.h of the component TTF File Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to out-of-bounds read. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.Show less

A vulnerability was found in Nothings stb up to 1.26. Impacted is the function stbtt_InitFont_internal in the library stb_truetype.h of the component TTF File Handler. Performing a manipulation results in out-of-bounds read. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.Show less

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: apparmor: fix missing bounds check on DEFAULT table in verify_dfa() The verify_dfa() function only checks DEFAULT_TABLE bounds when the state is not differentially encoded. When the verification loop traverses the differential encoding chain, it reads k = DEFAULT_TABLE[j] and uses k as an array index without validation. A malformed DFA with DEFAULT_TABLE[j] >= state_count, therefore, causes both out-of-bounds reads and writes. [ 57.179855] ================================================================== [ 57.180549] BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in verify_dfa+0x59a/0x660 [ 57.180904] Read of size 4 at addr ffff888100eadec4 by task su/993 [ 57.181554] CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 993 Comm: su Not tainted 6.19.0-rc7-next-20260127 #1 PREEMPT(lazy) [ 57.181558] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014 [ 57.181563] Call Trace: [ 57.181572] <TASK> [ 57.181577] dump_stack_lvl+0x5e/0x80 [ 57.181596] print_report+0xc8/0x270 [ 57.181605] ? verify_dfa+0x59a/0x660 [ 57.181608] kasan_report+0x118/0x150 [ 57.181620] ? verify_dfa+0x59a/0x660 [ 57.181623] verify_dfa+0x59a/0x660 [ 57.181627] aa_dfa_unpack+0x1610/0x1740 [ 57.181629] ? __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x1d0/0x470 [ 57.181640] unpack_pdb+0x86d/0x46b0 [ 57.181647] ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 [ 57.181653] ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 [ 57.181656] ? aa_unpack_nameX+0x1a8/0x300 [ 57.181659] aa_unpack+0x20b0/0x4c30 [ 57.181662] ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 [ 57.181664] ? stack_depot_save_flags+0x33/0x700 [ 57.181681] ? kasan_save_track+0x4f/0x80 [ 57.181683] ? kasan_save_track+0x3e/0x80 [ 57.181686] ? __kasan_kmalloc+0x93/0xb0 [ 57.181688] ? __kvmalloc_node_noprof+0x44a/0x780 [ 57.181693] ? aa_simple_write_to_buffer+0x54/0x130 [ 57.181697] ? policy_update+0x154/0x330 [ 57.181704] aa_replace_profiles+0x15a/0x1dd0 [ 57.181707] ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 [ 57.181710] ? __kvmalloc_node_noprof+0x44a/0x780 [ 57.181712] ? aa_loaddata_alloc+0x77/0x140 [ 57.181715] ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 [ 57.181717] ? _copy_from_user+0x2a/0x70 [ 57.181730] policy_update+0x17a/0x330 [ 57.181733] profile_replace+0x153/0x1a0 [ 57.181735] ? rw_verify_area+0x93/0x2d0 [ 57.181740] vfs_write+0x235/0xab0 [ 57.181745] ksys_write+0xb0/0x170 [ 57.181748] do_syscall_64+0x8e/0x660 [ 57.181762] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e [ 57.181765] RIP: 0033:0x7f6192792eb2 Remove the MATCH_FLAG_DIFF_ENCODE condition to validate all DEFAULT_TABLE entries unconditionally.Show less

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: apparmor: fix side-effect bug in match_char() macro usage The match_char() macro evaluates its character parameter multiple times when traversing differential encoding chains. When invoked with *str++, the string pointer advances on each iteration of the inner do-while loop, causing the DFA to check different characters at each iteration and therefore skip input characters. This results in out-of-bounds reads when the pointer advances past the input buffer boundary. [ 94.984676] ================================================================== [ 94.985301] BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in aa_dfa_match+0x5ae/0x760 [ 94.985655] Read of size 1 at addr ffff888100342000 by task file/976 [ 94.986319] CPU: 7 UID: 1000 PID: 976 Comm: file Not tainted 6.19.0-rc7-next-20260127 #1 PREEMPT(lazy) [ 94.986322] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014 [ 94.986329] Call Trace: [ 94.986341] <TASK> [ 94.986347] dump_stack_lvl+0x5e/0x80 [ 94.986374] print_report+0xc8/0x270 [ 94.986384] ? aa_dfa_match+0x5ae/0x760 [ 94.986388] kasan_report+0x118/0x150 [ 94.986401] ? aa_dfa_match+0x5ae/0x760 [ 94.986405] aa_dfa_match+0x5ae/0x760 [ 94.986408] __aa_path_perm+0x131/0x400 [ 94.986418] aa_path_perm+0x219/0x2f0 [ 94.986424] apparmor_file_open+0x345/0x570 [ 94.986431] security_file_open+0x5c/0x140 [ 94.986442] do_dentry_open+0x2f6/0x1120 [ 94.986450] vfs_open+0x38/0x2b0 [ 94.986453] ? may_open+0x1e2/0x2b0 [ 94.986466] path_openat+0x231b/0x2b30 [ 94.986469] ? __x64_sys_openat+0xf8/0x130 [ 94.986477] do_file_open+0x19d/0x360 [ 94.986487] do_sys_openat2+0x98/0x100 [ 94.986491] __x64_sys_openat+0xf8/0x130 [ 94.986499] do_syscall_64+0x8e/0x660 [ 94.986515] ? count_memcg_events+0x15f/0x3c0 [ 94.986526] ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 [ 94.986540] ? handle_mm_fault+0x1639/0x1ef0 [ 94.986551] ? vma_start_read+0xf0/0x320 [ 94.986558] ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 [ 94.986561] ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 [ 94.986563] ? fpregs_assert_state_consistent+0x50/0xe0 [ 94.986572] ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 [ 94.986574] ? arch_exit_to_user_mode_prepare+0x9/0xb0 [ 94.986587] ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 [ 94.986588] ? irqentry_exit+0x3c/0x590 [ 94.986595] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e [ 94.986597] RIP: 0033:0x7fda4a79c3ea Fix by extracting the character value before invoking match_char, ensuring single evaluation per outer loop.Show less